Changes in Latitude

Cacao was brought from the Amazon Basin to Central America by the Maya 2,600 years ago, according to analysis of residue in Maya pottery.  Aztec royalty drank cocoa all day and night to fuel stamina for attending to their many wives and concubines.

Cacao was introduced to Europe by the Spanish around 1585, the date of the first recorded commercial shipment of chocolate from Veracruz, Mexico to Seville. Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus named the tree ‘Theobroma’ which means “food of the gods”.  Cacao beans were historically used as a currency, serving in the place of small coins as recently as 1840 on Mexico’s Yucatán peninsula.

The largest producers of cacao in the Americas are Brazil, Ecuador & Venezuela with a combined market share of 10%.

The best quality cocoa beans are from the Criollo variety. Criollo cacao can be enjoyed directly from the pod and, properly fermented, maintains natural sweetness. When used commercially, the Criollo variety requires less sugar which is why 70% – 85% cacao dark chocolate bars are possible.  Gourmet chocolate represents roughly 4% of the world’s annual cacao production, a market of 160,000 short tons per year.

The main source for Criollo beans today is Venezuela’s Hacienda San José, www.cacaosanjose.com , with representatives in France, Switzerland and Spain. This hacienda has 200 hectares of Criollo cacao with an average density of 1,000 trees per hectare.

Criollo cacao is prevalent throughout C. America, with crop development occurring from Guatemala to Panama, where it thrives in rain-forested regions to an altitude of 2000′.

In Panama, cacao cultivated by indigenous growers produces a superior product preferred by chocolate aficionados over products produced by newcomers to this exotic crop, according to French Cacao Broker Mathilde Grand of Isla Colon’s Starfish Cafe.

Grand’s “Citizens Chocolate” markets tribal cocoa spheres, a hand-crafted organic product from a cooperative in Bocas del Toro on the Caribbean coast of Panama.  This region is home to the Ngobe-Buglé whose autonomous lands stretch between International Park Amistad to the coast of the Caribbean Bastimento Nature Reserve.   In the shade of their jungles, cacao is cared for and harvested using sustainable indigenous traditions.  After collecting the ripe pods, the seeds are removed, brought to fermentation then put out in the sun to dry for several days.  Once dried, the seeds are roasted over a fire, ground and rolled into spheres that are perfect for baking or melting into water, milk, and spices for a delicious drink.

© Mathilde Grand

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This post is comprised of excerpts from the article “Cacao: a crop ready for new investment?”, written for Alternative Latin Investor‘s next issue. Photos by Mathilde Grand ©

Las Lajas is the best family beach in Chiriqui.

Las Lajas Beach Resort has a sublime location, good facilities, and peaceful vistas in every direction.

This delightful little hotel has 12 rooms and a suite. The restaurant and bar are wonderful.  The food is delicious. The management and staff are warm and attentive. Lize de Garcia hails from Amsterdam and her husband, Gama Garcia Carrera, is from Panama.

Together they run Cocaleca Tours providing activities such  nature hikes, horeseback riding, Guaymi culture tours, boat tours, and rental of equipment for the beach.  Lize recommends the hills behind the mangrove for those who are comfortable on horses.  It is one of her favorites.  The Guaymi visit takes you to an indigenous family’s home with a waterfall behind the house that provides a swimming hole.  Lize recommends the Guaymi tour “because of its pureness and the women are so happy to have a possibility to sell their handy crafts”  (indigenous dresses, handmade bags, hats).

Access is by a very good road from San Felix, just two hours from Boquete.  The beach slopes very gently; you can walk on soft sand for a long time before its time to swim.  The beach runs for 22 kms and provides views of islands, many sea birds, and sweet waves.  The beauty here has not been trampled by crowds, mega resorts, or the over development common on beaches closer to Panama City.

This resort is owned by Peter McNamee and Scot Arnolds from San Francisco, where they run a pizza business. Susan & Jonathon are your contacts in reception.  In the bar and restaurant you’ll be taken good care of by Julio, Reinaldo, Jorge & Tracy.

A serene setting is created by low tide leaving 500 meters of beach, one of the largest pure sand beaches in Panama. There is very little undertow so this beach is perfect for children riding boogie boards. This tranquil hideaway is a must for visitors to Chiriqui. There are many hammocks to choose from. Bring a good book, grab a fruity cocktail, and listen to bird songs in paradise.

For a calendar with small things you can do every day to celebrate a more peaceful world, visit www.PeaceProject.com

On the dawn of 2010, we find a vastly different world then we left last New Year’s Eve.

The world is still upside down, as Roger Cohen observed last year, “the developed world now depends on the developing world, rather than the other way around”.

This blog noted last December how Brazil & Mexico are emerging as leaders on global issues such as climate change and economic growth.  One year ago, President Bush was busy subverting California’s restrictions on auto pollution by blocking the law from taking effect.  We were in a “Great Recession”.

This New Year’s Eve, the world is more united toward caring for Mother Earth.  President Obama ordered the EPA to allow states such as California to limit their pollution beyond federal regulations.   He negotiated an important compromise in Copenhagen between China and other major world economies to take action against dangerous emissions.

Economically, this year ends with several Latin American nations posting GDP gains while N. American and European economies contracted.  However, the Dow Jones Industrial Average ended its downward spiral early in the year and has been climbing ever since.  The recession is officially over.  We end 2009 with a glimmer of hope and pride for 2010.

Congress is poised to pass the first meaningful health care reform in decades, banning insurance discrimination on the basis of medical history, helping tens of millions of families establish and maintain coverage.  In this regard, the USA is joining civilized nations late, and with a half-step, but it’s a move in a compassionate direction.  Meanwhile, quality health care in much of the developing world remains so affordable that health insurance is simply unnecessary.  Last New Year’s Eve my daughter had stitches in a Washington ER for over $1000; her father recently had the same procedure for a surprisingly similar wound in Panama for $34.  (She has a scar, her father does not.)

One of this year’s two big stories was Sonia Sotomayor, confirmed as first Hispanic justice on Supreme Court; and, Barack Obama, elected the first African American President of the USA.

President Obama recently began relaxing restrictions on travel to Cuba; his administration expedited visa requests for muscians performing in a concert promoting freedom there.  Cuban musician Carlos Varela sang for Congress, saying in DC, “Music is not going to move governments, but it might move people. And people can move governments.”

What do we hope for 2010?  Treehugger.com hopes Ford introduces an F75 Pickup, with half the horsepower of an F150, “because you really don’t need all that power in the suburbs”.  For my part, I hope we all take more time for one another in the New Year, online and off.  Please share your wishes for  2010 by commenting below, and may the New Year bring peace and sustainable prosperity for you all.